Learn the fineness of cement test as per IS 4031 (Part 1): procedure, calculation, and IS code limits. Essential QA/QC test for NHAI and construction projects.
The fineness of cement test determines the particle size of cement, which directly affects the hydration rate, strength development, and durability of concrete. In highway, bridge, and building works, ensuring proper cement fineness is vital to achieving long-lasting and high-strength structures. This test, performed as per IS 4031 (Part 1): 1996, helps verify the cement’s suitability for use in field and laboratory conditions.
Fineness of cement means the size of its particles. Finer cement offers a larger surface area for reaction with water, leading to faster strength gain. However, if it’s too fine, it can increase water demand and shrinkage. Hence, controlling cement fineness ensures both quality and workability.
To determine the percentage of cement retained on a 90-micron IS sieve, ensuring compliance with the required standards for cement used in highway and structural concrete works.
90-micron IS sieve
Weighing balance (accuracy ±0.01 g)
Brush for cleaning
Tray or pan
Weigh Sample: Take 100 g of cement sample (W₁).
Sieve: Place it on a 90 µm IS sieve and shake for 15 minutes in circular and vertical motions.
Residue Collection: Collect and weigh the residue retained on the sieve (W₂).
Calculation:
Fineness (% retained)=W2/W1×100
Repeat: Perform three trials and take the average value.
| Cement Type | Maximum Residue on 90 µm Sieve |
|---|---|
| OPC 33/43/53 Grade | 10% |
| Rapid Hardening Cement | 5% |
| PPC / PSC | 10% |
The Blaine’s test determines the specific surface area (cm²/g) of cement using air permeability.
Minimum value as per IS 4031:
OPC 33/43/53 Grade → ≥ 225 m²/kg
This method provides more accurate control over cement quality in laboratories and NHAI QA/QC testing centers.
Ensures uniform hydration and strength development
Controls setting time and workability
Reduces risk of cracking due to uneven hydration
Helps maintain quality in MoRTH and NHAI projects
Protect sample from moisture before testing
Clean sieve properly after every use
Avoid excessive vibration while sieving
Conduct test at standard laboratory temperature
The Fineness Test Result = Residue weight (W₂)/Sample taken weight (W₁) × 100
If the result exceeds 10% residue, the cement fails the fineness requirement.
The fineness of cement test as per IS 4031 (Part 1) is an essential part of quality assurance in highway and structural construction. It ensures the cement used has optimal fineness for achieving the desired strength, durability, and performance. Regular testing in the field lab helps meet NHAI and MoRTH quality standards, reducing long-term maintenance issues.
Q1. What is the permissible limit for fineness of cement?
→ Not more than 10% residue on a 90 µm sieve for OPC.
Q2. Which IS code specifies the fineness of cement test?
→ IS 4031 (Part 1): 1996.
Q3. Why is fineness important in cement?
→ It affects the hydration rate, setting time, and strength gain.
Q4. What is the alternative test for fineness of cement?
→ Blaine’s Air Permeability Method.
